The human genome contains less than 2% coding exons within genes.

The remaining DNA consist of:


  • introns and regulatory sequences such as enhancers
  • unique noncoding DNA contains many pseudogenes (genes that have accumulated mutations and became nonfunctional)
  • repetitive DNA are sequences that are repeated many times; much of these are + transposable elements that can "jump" between chromosomes, leading to transpositions.